Development and validation of a point-of-care nursing mobile tool to guide the diagnosis of malnutrition in hospitalized adult patients: a multicenter, prospective cohort study.

Malnutrition is a prevalent and severe issue in hospitalized patients with chronic diseases. However, malnutrition screening is often overlooked or inaccurate due to lack of awareness and experience among health care providers. This study aimed to develop and validate a novel digital smartphone-based self-administered tool that uses facial features, especially the ocular area, as indicators of malnutrition in inpatient patients with chronic diseases. Facial photographs and malnutrition screening scales were collected from 619 patients in four different hospitals. A machine learning model based on back propagation neural network was trained, validated, and tested using these data. The model showed a significant correlation (p < 0.05) and a high accuracy (area under the curve 0.834-0.927) in different patient groups. The point-of-care mobile tool can be used to screen malnutrition with good accuracy and accessibility, showing its potential for screening malnutrition in patients with chronic diseases.

Autoantibodes to GP210 are a metric for UDCA responses in primary biliary cholangitis.

Objectives: Antibodies to gp210 and sp100 are specific and unique anti-nuclear autoantibodies (ANAs) associated with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC). Importantly the presence of anti-gp210 and anti-sp100 responses is indicative of poor clinical outcomes. However, the utility of measuring titers of these antibodies remains unclear. Materials and methods: Using the in-house purified gp210 (HSA108-C18) and sp100 (amino acid position 296-386), we quantitatively measured serum autoantibodies to gp210 and sp100 using chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA) in a very large cohort of 390 patients with PBC, including 259 cases with no prior ursodesoxycholic acid (UDCA) treatment and 131 cases with UDCA treatment. We also analyzed serial changes in anti-gp210 and anti-sp100 levels in 245 sequential samples from 88 patients. Results: In our cross-sectional analysis, we detected anti-gp210 immunoglobulin G (IgG) and anti-sp100 IgG autoantibodies in 129 out of 390 (33.1%) and 80 out of 390 (20.5%) PBC patients, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that serum IgG (st.ß = 0.35, P = 0.003) and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) (st.ß = 0.23, P = 0.042) levels at baseline were independently associated with anti-gp210 concentrations. In serial testing, we observed significant fluctuations in anti-gp210 antibody levels. These fluctuations reflected responsiveness to UDCA therapy, particularly in anti-gp210-positive patients with initially lower concentrations in the stages of disease. Conclusions: Our study reflects that quantitative changes of anti-gp210 antibody are indicative of UDCA responses. There is a great need for newer metrics in PBC and we suggest that a more detailed and longer study of these unique ANAs is warranted.

Multivalent Aptamer-Based Lysosome-Targeting Chimeras (LYTACs) Platform for Mono- or Dual-Targeted Proteins Degradation on Cell Surface.

Selective protein degradation platforms have opened novel avenues in therapeutic development and biological inquiry. Antibody-based lysosome-targeting chimeras (LYTACs) have emerged as a promising technology that extends the scope of targeted protein degradation to extracellular targets. Aptamers offer an advantageous alternative owing to their potential for modification and manipulation toward a multivalent state. In this study, a chemically engineered platform of multivalent aptamer-based LYTACs (AptLYTACs) is established for the targeted degradation of either single or dual protein targets. Leveraging the biotin-streptavidin system as a molecular scaffold, this investigation reveals that trivalently mono-targeted AptLYTACs demonstrate optimum efficiency in degrading membrane proteins. The development of this multivalent AptLYTACs platform provides a principle of concept for mono-/dual-targets degradation, expanding the possibilities of targeted protein degradation.

NR4A1 depletion inhibits colorectal cancer progression by promoting necroptosis via the RIG-I-like receptor pathway.

Necroptosis is a regulated necrotic cell death mechanism and plays a crucial role in the progression of cancers. However, the potential role and mechanism of necroptosis in colorectal cancer (CRC) has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we found that nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 1 (NR4A1) was highly expressed in CRC cells treated with TNF-α, Smac mimetic, and z-VAD-FMK (TSZ). The depletion of NR4A1 significantly enhanced the sensitivity of CRC cells to TSZ-induced necroptosis, while NR4A1 overexpression suppressed these effects, as evidenced by the LDH assay, flow cytometry analysis of cell death, PI staining, and expression analysis of necrosome complexes (RIPK1, RIPK3, and MLKL). Moreover, NR4A1 deficiency made HT29 xenograft tumors sensitive to necroptotic cell death in vivo. Mechanistically, NR4A1 depletion promoted necroptosis activation in CRC through the RIG-I-like receptor pathway by interacting with DDX3. Importantly, the RIG-I pathway agonist poly(I:C) or inhibitor cFP abolished the effects of NR4A1 overexpression or suppression on necroptosis in CRC cells. Moreover, we observed that NR4A1 was highly expressed in CRC tissues and was associated with a poor prognosis. In conclusion, our results suggest that NR4A1 plays a critical role in modulating necroptosis in CRC cells and provide a new therapeutic target for CRC.

Association of CCR6 functional polymorphisms with Primary Biliary Cholangitis.

The biliary epithelial cells release CC chemokine receptor 6 (CCR6) ligand 20 (CCL20), leading to recruitment of CCR6+ T cells and subsequent infiltration into the biliary epithelium in primary biliary cholangitis patients. Previous genome-wide multi-national meta-analysis, including our Han Chinese cohort, showed significant association of CCR6 and CCL20 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) with PBC. We report here that significantly associated SNPs, identified in the CCR6 locus based on our Han Chinese genome-wide association study, can be separated into "protective" and "risk" groups, but only "risk" SNPs were confirmed using a separate Han Chinese PBC cohort. Only weak association of CCL20 SNPs was observed in Han Chinese PBC cohorts. Fine-mapping and logistical analysis identified a previously defined functional variant that, leads to increased CCR6 expression, which contributed to increased genetic susceptibility to PBC in Han Chinese cohort.

HOOK3 suppresses proliferation and metastasis in gastric cancer via the SP1/VEGFA axis.

HOOK3, a member of the human hook microtubule-tethering protein family, has been implicated in the progression of cancer. However, the role of HOOK3 in the pathogenesis of gastric cancer (GC) remains incompletely understood. In this study, we investigated the expression of HOOK3 protein in GC tissues using immunohistochemistry (IHC). The findings of our study indicate that the expression levels of HOOK3 in GC tissues were relatively low. Furthermore, a significant negative association was seen between HOOK3 expression and the prognosis of patients with GC. The suppression of HOOK3 resulted in a notable increase in the proliferation, migration, invasion, and survival of GC cells. Conversely, the overexpression of HOOK3 had the opposite impact, reducing these cellular processes. Moreover, in vivo tests have shown evidence that the overexpression of HOOK3 significantly inhibited the formation of tumors and the spread of GC cells to the lungs. In a mechanistic manner, the analysis of RNA-seq data demonstrated that the knockdown of HOOK3 resulted in a notable increase in the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) in GC cells. Furthermore, the upregulation of VEGFA counteracted the impacts of HOOK3 upregulation on the proliferation, migration, invasion, and survival of GC cells. Furthermore, it was revealed that specificity protein 1 (SP1) exhibited the ability to bind to the promoter region of VEGFA. Moreover, the overexpression of SP1 successfully counteracted the inhibitory impact of HOOK3 overexpression on the expression of VEGFA in GC cells. In summary, the results of our study indicate that HOOK3 has a role in inhibiting the growth, migration, invasion, and survival of GC cells by modulating the SP1/VEGFA pathway. These findings contribute significant knowledge to our understanding of the underlying mechanisms involved in the development of GC.

Ultrafast self-gelling, sprayable, and adhesive carboxymethyl chitosan/poly-γ-glutamic acid/oxidized dextran powder for effective gastric perforation hemostasis and wound healing.

The rapid and effective hemostasis of gastrointestinal bleeding sites remains an urgent clinical challenge. In this study, an ultrafast self-gelling, sprayable, and adhesive carboxymethyl chitosan/poly-γ-glutamic acid/oxidized dextran (CPO) powder was designed for gastric perforation hemostasis and healing. When the CPO powder was sprayed to the gastric perforation site, the CPO powder absorbed water from the blood and concentrate blood cells and clotting factors to achieve the purpose of rapid hemostasis. During the hemostasis, the CPO powder formed a hydrogel in situ through the formation of amide bonds and Schiff base bonds within 15 s, forming a physical barrier to cover the wound surface. Concurrently, the aldehyde group (-CHO) of oxidized dextran formed additional Schiff base bonds with the amino group (-NH2) of the tissue, enabling the CPO powder with wound surface adhesion. Moreover, the CPO powder was shown to have excellent in vitro and in vivo antibacterial properties and it was able to promote the healing of infected wounds in a mouse model. In summary, CPO powder provides a promising idea for the rational design of gastrointestinal hemostatic agents.

Tetracycline removal from soil by phosphate-modified biochar: Performance and bacterial community evolution.

Since the remediation performance of soil tetracycline pollution by original biochar is not ideal, many modified methods have been proposed to improve its performance. Considering the cost, complex modification process and environmental friendliness, many modified biochar are difficult to be used in soil environments. In this work, biochar derived from corn stover was modified using phosphate to increase the adsorption ability of soil tetracycline and alleviate the negative effects caused by tetracycline. The results showed that pyrolysis temperatures and anion types of phosphate (PO43-, HPO42-, H2PO4-) played important roles in the performance of modified biochar. Compared with original biochar, phosphate modified biochar not only improved the adsorption capacity, but also changed the adsorption behavior of tetracycline. Via SEM, BET and FTIR techniques, the intrinsic reasons for the increase of adsorption capacity were explained by the change of morphological structures as well as functional groups of the modified biochar. K3PO4 and high temperature (800 °C) maximally improved the surface morphology, increased the pore structure, changed the surface functional groups of biochar, and then increased the adsorption capacity of tetracycline (124.51 mg/g). Subsequently, the optimal material (K3PO4-800) was selected and applied for tetracycline contaminated soil remediation. Compared to the soil without remediation, K3PO4-800 modified biochar effectively reduced the effective concentration of tetracycline in soil, and improved soil K and P nutrition, and reshaped microbial communities. Our study showed that K3PO4-800 modified biochar was not only a good tetracycline resistant material, but also a good soil amendment.

HES1 promotes aerobic glycolysis and cancer progression of colorectal cancer via IGF2BP2-mediated GLUT1 m6A modification.

Aerobic glycolysis has been shown to play a key role in tumor cell proliferation and metastasis. However, how it is directly regulated is largely unknown. Here, we found that HES1 expression was significantly higher in CRC tissues than that in adjacent normal tissues. Moreover, high HES1 expression is associated with poor survival in CRC patients. HES1 knockdown markedly inhibited cell growth and metastasis both in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, silencing of HES1 suppressed aerobic glycolysis of CRC cells. Mechanistic studies revealed that HES1 knockdown decreased the expression of GLUT1, a key gene of aerobic glycolysis, in CRC cells. GLUT1 overexpression abolished the effects of HES1 knockdown on cell aerobic glycolysis, proliferation, migration and invasion. ChIP-PCR and dual-luciferase reporter gene assay showed that HES1 directly bound the promoter of IGF2BP2 and promoted IGF2BP2 expression. Furthermore, our data indicated that IGF2BP2 recognized and bound the m6A site in the GLUT1 mRNA and enhanced its stability. Taken together, our findings suggest that HES1 has a significant promotion effect on CRC aerobic glycolysis and progression by enhancing the stability of m6A-modified GLUT1 mRNA in an IGF2BP2-dependent manner, which may become a viable therapeutic target for the treatment of CRC in humans. The mechanism of HES1 regulating glycolysis in CRC.

TRIM69 suppressed the anoikis resistance and metastasis of gastric cancer through ubiquitin‒proteasome-mediated degradation of PRKCD.

The tripartite motif (TRIM) protein family has been investigated in multiple human cancers, including gastric cancer (GC). However, the role of TRIM69 in the anoikis resistance and metastasis of GC cells remains to be elucidated. We identified the differentially expressed genes in anoikis-resistant GC cells using RNA-sequencing analysis. The interaction between TRIM69 and PRKCD was analyzed by coimmunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry. Our results have shown that TRIM69 was significantly downregulated in anoikis-resistant GC cells. TRIM69 overexpression markedly suppressed the anoikis resistance and metastasis of GC cells in vitro and in vivo. TRIM69 knockdown had the opposite effects. Mechanistically, TRIM69 interacted with PRKCD through its B-box domain and catalyzed the K48-linked polyubiquitination of PRKCD. Moreover, TRIM69 inhibited BDNF production in a PRKCD-dependent manner. Importantly, overexpression of PRKCD or BDNF blocked the effects of TRIM69 on the anoikis resistance and metastasis of GC cells. Interestingly, a TRIM69-PRKCD+BDNF+ cell subset was positively associated with metastasis in GC patients. TRIM69-mediated suppression of the anoikis resistance and metastasis of GC cells via modulation of the PRKCD/BDNF axis, with potential implications for novel therapeutic approaches for metastatic GC.

High-fat diet promotes colitis-associated tumorigenesis by altering gut microbial butyrate metabolism.

Background: Dietary fat intake is associated with an increased risk of colitis associated cancer (CAC). A high-fat diet (HFD) leads to systemic low-grade inflammation. The colon is believed to be the first organ suffering from inflammation caused by the infiltration of pro-inflammatory macrophages, and promotes CAC progression. We explored the role of HFD in driving CAC by altering gut microbial butyrate metabolism. Methods: Changes in the gut microbiota caused by HFD were investigated via HFD treatment or fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). The underlying mechanisms were further explored by analyzing the role of gut microbiota, microbial butyrate metabolism, and NLRP3 inflammasome in colon tissues in a CAC mouse model. Results: HFD accelerated CAC progression in mice, and it could be reversed by broad-spectrum antibiotics (ABX). 16S-rRNA sequencing revealed that HFD inhibited the abundance of butyrate-producing bacteria in the gut. The level of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), especially butyrate, in the gut of mice treated with HFD was significantly reduced. In addition, treatment with exogenous butyrate reversed the M1 polarization of proinflammatory macrophages, aggravation of intestinal inflammation, and accelerated tumor growth induced by HFD; the NLRP3/Caspase-1 pathway activated by HFD in the colon was also significantly inhibited. In vitro, macrophages were treated with lipopolysaccharide combined with butyrate to detect the M1 polarization level and NLRP3/Caspase-1 pathway expression, and the results were consistent with those of the in vivo experiments. Conclusion: HFD drives colitis-associated tumorigenesis by inducing gut microbial dysbiosis and inhibiting butyrate metabolism to skew macrophage polarization. Exogenous butyrate is a feasible new treatment strategy for CAC, and has good prospect for clinical application.

Gastric cancer derived exosomal THBS1 enhanced Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell function through activating RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway in a N6-methyladenosine methylation dependent manner.

Gamma delta (γδ) T-cell-based immunotherapy has shown favorable safety and clinical response in patients with multiple types of cancer. However, its efficiency in treating patients with solid tumors remains limited. In the current study, we investigated the function and molecular mechanism underlying gastric cancer (GC) cell-derived exosomal THBS1 in the regulation of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells. We found that GC cell-derived exosomal THBS1 markedly enhanced the cytotoxicity of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells against GC cells and the production of IFN-γ, TNF-α, perforin and granzyme B in vitro and elevated the killing effects of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells on GC cells in vivo. Mechanistically, exosomal THBS1 could regulate METTL3-or IGF2BP2-mediated m6A modification, further activating the RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway in Vγ9Vδ2 T cells. Moreover, blocking the RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway reversed the effects of exosomal THBS1 on the function of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells. In addition, THBS1 was expressed at low levels in GC tissues and was associated with an unfavorable prognosis in GC patients. In sum, our findings indicate that exosomal THBS1 derived from GC cells enhanced the function of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells by activating the RIG-I-like signaling pathway in a m6A methylation-dependent manner. Targeting the exosomal THBS1/m6A/RIG-I axis may have important implications for GC immunotherapy based on Vγ9Vδ2 T cells.

Noncovalent composites of meso-substituted A2B2-porphyrins and carbon nanotubes for enhanced electrocatalytic oxygen reduction.

Exploring highly active oxygen reduction electrocatalysts with low precious metals content is imperative but remains a considerable challenge. Herein, a series of heterobimetallic multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) electrocatalysts based on metal complexes are presented. These electrocatalysts feature diverse transition metals (M=Mn, Fe, Co, Ni) 5,15-bromophenyl-10, 20-methoxyphenyl porphyrin (MBMP) and tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (0) (Pd[P(Ph3)4]) anchored non-covalently on its surface. The resulting NiBMP-based MWCNTs with Pd[P(Ph3)4] (PdNiN4/MWCNTs) display outstanding electrocatalytic oxygen reduction activity (onset potential, 0.941 V; half wave potential, 0.830 V) and robust long-term durability in alkaline electrolyte. While in neutral condition, the MnBMP-based MWCNTs with Pd[P(Ph3)4] (PdMnN4/MWCNTs) are the most active heterobimetallic ORR catalyst and produce ultra-low concentration hydrogen peroxide (H2O2yield, 1.2%-1.3%). Synergistically tuning the ORR electrocatalytic activity and electron transfer pathway is achieved by the formation of NiBMP/MnBMP-Pd[P(Ph3)4] active sites. This work indicates such metalloporphyrin-Pd[P(Ph3)4] active sites on MWCNTs have significantly positive influence on electrocatalytic ORR systems and provides facile and mild strategy for designing highly efficient ORR electrocatalysts with ultra-low loading precious metal.

Lnc-LRRTM4 promotes proliferation, metastasis and EMT of colorectal cancer through activating LRRTM4 transcription.

Numerous mechanisms have shown that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) promote the development of colorectal cancer (CRC), but the role of lnc-LRRTM4 in the progression of CRC remains unclear. In this article, we found that lnc-LRRTM4 was highly expressed in CRC tissues and cell lines and that lnc-LRRTM4 could promote the proliferation and metastasis of CRC cells. These consequences were achieved by lnc-LRRTM4 directly binding to the promoter of LRRTM4 to induce its transcription. Moreover, lnc-LRRTM4 enhanced the growth of CRC cells in vivo by promoting cell cycle progression and reducing apoptosis. Taken together, our results revealed that lnc-LRRTM4 promotes the proliferation and metastasis of CRC cells, suggesting that it may be a potential diagnostic and therapeutic target for CRC.

Relative anchorage loss under reciprocal anchorage in mandibular premolar extraction cases treated with clear aligners.

OBJECTIVES: To compare mandibular relative anchorage loss (RAL) under reciprocal anchorage between first and second premolar extraction cases in bimaxillary protrusion mild crowding cases treated using clear aligner therapy (CAT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Adult patients who met the following criteria were included: treated using CAT with bilateral mandibular premolar extractions and space closure using intra-arch reciprocal anchorage. RAL was defined as the percent molar mesial movement relative to the sum of molar mesial plus canine distal movement. Movements of the mandibular central incisor (L1), canine (L3), and first molar (L6) were measured based on superimposition of the pre- and post-treatment dentition and jaw models. RESULTS: Among the 60 mandibular extraction quadrants, 38 had lower first premolar (L4) and 22 had lower second premolar (L5) extracted. L6 mesial movement was 2.01 ± 1.11 mm with RAL of 25% in the L4 extraction group vs 3.25 ± 1.19 mm with RAL of 40% in the L5 extraction group (P < .001). Tooth movement efficacy was 43% for L1 occlusogingival movement, 75% for L1 buccolingual inclination, 60% for L3 occlusogingival movement, and 53% for L3 mesiodistal angulation. L1 had unwanted extrusion and lingual crown torquing whereas L3 had unwanted extrusion and distal crown tipping, on which the power ridges or attachments had little preventive effect. CONCLUSIONS: The average mandibular reciprocal RAL is 25% or 40% for extraction of L4 or L5, respectively, in CAT cases. A RAL-based treatment planning workflow is proposed for CAT extraction cases.

Risk factors for conversion from endoscopic resection to laparoscopic resection for gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors.

OBJECTIVE: Endoscopic resection (ER) of gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors (gGISTs) is a commonly used treatment; however, it is associated with a risk of conversion to laparoscopic resection (LR). This study was performed to identify factors influencing conversion from ER to LR and the effects of conversion on outcomes. METHODS: The clinicopathological features of patients treated for gGISTs from March 2010 to May 2021 were retrospectively collected. Endpoints included the determination of risk factors associated with LR conversion, with comparisons of surgical outcomes with and without conversion. Propensity score matching was performed to compare the two groups. RESULTS: In total, 371 gGISTs were analyzed. Sixteen patients required conversion from ER to LR. Propensity score matching demonstrated that invasion depth (muscularis propria with exophytic growth) and gGIST size (≥3 cm) were independent risk factors for conversion to LR. The procedure duration (median, 160.5 vs. 60.0 minutes), postoperative hospitalization duration (median, 8 vs. 6 days), and postoperative fasting duration (median, 5 vs. 3 days) were significantly longer in patients who underwent conversion to LR. CONCLUSIONS: Accurate preoperative measurements of tumor size and invasion depth may help determine more appropriate surgical approaches for patients with gGISTs.

An evaluation of the use of double-curved endoscopes for gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors.

BACKGROUND: Endoscopic full-thickness resection (EFTR) is a standard treatment method for gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors (gGISTs). Evidence of the safety and efficacy of a double-curved endoscope (DCE) in EFTR of gGISTs is limited. We aimed to compare the operative outcomes of DCE versus single-curved endoscopes (SCE) in EFTR of gGISTs. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This retrospective observational study was conducted at four Chinese tertiary institutes. From January 2019 to November 2021, 104 patients who underwent EFTR by SCE (n = 57) or DCE (n = 47) were enrolled. One-to-one propensity score matching (PSM) was performed between the two groups to compare the demographics and operative outcomes. RESULTS: All gGISTs were resected successfully with no recurrence during follow-up. The median (range) tumor size was 1.2 (0.5, 3.5) cm in DCE and 2.0 (0.6, 4.8) cm in SCE (p < .001), and the procedure time was shorter in the DCE group than in the SCE group (50.0 min vs. 62.0 min, p < .05). After PSM, 41 pairs were selected, and no difference was noted in demographics. The procedure time was also shorter in the DCE group than in the SCE group (50.0 min vs. 55.0 min, p < .05). Subgroup analysis showed that the DCE group had a shorter procedure time in the gastric fundus than the SCE group (47.0 min vs. 55.0 min, p < .05). In multiple linear regression analysis, significant factors related to prolonged procedure time were the type of endoscope of SCE and larger tumor size (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS: EFTR of gGISTs using DCE is safe and effective. Compared with SCE, DCE had an advantage in terms of operative time, especially in the gastric fundus.

MiR-200/183 family-mediated module biomarker for gastric cancer progression: an AI-assisted bioinformatics method with experimental functional survey.

BACKGROUND: Gastric cancer (GC) is a major cancer burden throughout the world with a high mortality rate. The performance of current predictive and prognostic factors is still limited. Integrated analysis is required for accurate cancer progression predictive biomarker and prognostic biomarkers that help to guide therapy. METHODS: An AI-assisted bioinformatics method that combines transcriptomic data and microRNA regulations were used to identify a key miRNA-mediated network module in GC progression. To reveal the module's function, we performed the gene expression analysis in 20 clinical samples by qRT-PCR, prognosis analysis by multi-variable Cox regression model, progression prediction by support vector machine, and in vitro studies to elaborate the roles in GC cells migration and invasion. RESULTS: A robust microRNA regulated network module was identified to characterize GC progression, which consisted of seven miR-200/183 family members, five mRNAs and two long non-coding RNAs H19 and CLLU1. Their expression patterns and expression correlation patterns were consistent in public dataset and our cohort. Our findings suggest a two-fold biological potential of the module: GC patients with high-risk score exhibited a poor prognosis (p-value < 0.05) and the model achieved AUCs of 0.90 to predict GC progression in our cohort. In vitro cellular analyses shown that the module could influence the invasion and migration of GC cells. CONCLUSIONS: Our strategy which combines AI-assisted bioinformatics method with experimental and clinical validation suggested that the miR-200/183 family-mediated network module as a "pluripotent module", which could be potential marker for GC progression.

Association between genetic variants and development of antibodies to infliximab: A cross-sectional study in Chinese patients with Crohn's disease.

Aims: Genetic variants increase the susceptibility to anti-drug antibodies (ADA) in response to anti-TNF therapy in chronic inflammatory diseases. However, little is known about genetic variants in Chinese populations. This study aimed to identify genetic variants contributing to the risk of the development of antibodies to infliximab (ATI) in Chinese patients with Crohn's disease (CD). Methods: CD patients (n = 104) treated with infliximab (IFX) during the maintenance therapy were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. ATI was assessed by an in-house developed drug-tolerant ELISA method. ATI titers of 1:20 and ≥1:60 were considered a low titer and a high titer, respectively. Thirteen types of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within 13 genes involved in the immune process, the susceptibility to chronic inflammatory diseases, cytokines and apoptosis pathways were investigated. Results: The median trough levels of infliximab (TLI) in patients with clinical remission (CR) were higher than those in patients without CR (3.80 vs. 1.50 µg/mL, p < .001). The median TLI in patients with high-titer ATI was significantly lower than that in ATI-negative patients (1.15 vs. 4.48 µg/mL, p < .001) or those with low-titer ATI (1.15 vs. 2.95 µg/mL, p = .03). The HLA-DQA1*05 rs2097432 GG and GA genotypes were more frequent in patients with ATI (GG and AG vs. AA, 27/38 = 71.05% vs. 29/66 = 43.94%, OR 2.94, 95% CI 1.19-7.30, p = .02). Patients carrying the CC and AC genotypes of rs396991 in FCGR3A were associated with a higher frequency of ATI formation (CC and AC vs. AA, 37/57 = 64.91% vs. 19/47 = 40.43%, OR 2.94, 95% CI 1.24-6.96, p = .01). According to the number of variants in rs2097432 and rs393991, patients with two variants had a higher proportion of producing ATI (two variants vs. no variant, 17/21 = 80.95% vs. 9/30 = 30.00%, OR 9.92, 95% CI 2.59-37.87, p = .001; single variant vs. no variant, 30/53 = 56.60% vs. 9/30 = 30.00%, OR 3.04, 95% CI 1.18-7.88, p = .02). No association was found between other SNPs and ATI production. Conclusion: Rs2097432 in HLA-DQA1*05 and rs396991 in FCGR3A are associated with ATI production in Chinese patients with CD. A pharmacogenomic strategy could help with the clinical management of CD.

Integrated multi-dimensional analysis highlights DHCR7 mutations involving in cholesterol biosynthesis and contributing therapy of gastric cancer.

BACKGROUND: Genetic background plays an important role in the occurrence and development of gastric cancer (GC). With the application of genome-wide association study (GWAS), an increasing number of tumor susceptibility genes in gastric cancer have been discovered. While little of them can be further applicated in clinical diagnosis and treatment due to the lack of in-depth analysis. METHODS: A GWAS of peripheral blood leukocytes from GC patients was performed to identify and obtain genetic background data. In combination with a clinical investigation, key SNP mutations and mutated genes were screened. Via in vitro and in vivo experiments, the function of the mutated gene was verified in GC. Via a combination of molecular function studies and amino acid network analysis, co-mutations were discovered and further identified as potential therapeutic targets. RESULTS: At the genetic level, the G allele of rs104886038 in DHCR7 was a protective factor identified by the GWAS. Clinical investigation showed that patients with the rs104886038 A/G genotype, age ≥ 60, smoking ≥ 10 cigarettes/day, heavy drinking and H. pylori infection were independent risk factors for GC, with odds ratios of 12.33 (95% CI, 2.10 ~ 72.54), 20.42 (95% CI, 2.46 ~ 169.83), and 11.39 (95% CI, 1.82 ~ 71.21), respectively. Then molecular function studies indicated that DHCR7 regulated cell proliferation, migration, and invasion as well as apoptosis resistance via cellular cholesterol biosynthesis pathway. Further amino acid network analysis based on the predicted structure of DHCR7 and experimental verification indicated that rs104886035 and rs104886038 co-mutation reduced the stability of DHCR7 and induced its degradation. DHCR7 mutation suppressed the malignant behaviour of GC cells and induced apoptosis via inhibition on cell cholesterol biosynthesis. CONCLUSION: In this work, we provided a comprehensive multi-dimensional analysis strategy which can be applied to in-depth exploration of GWAS data. DHCR7 and its mutation sites identified by this strategy are potential theratic targets of GC via inhibition of cholesterol biosynthesis.